There are a wide variety of eye problems that can affect a baby and may prevent sleep. Some are more serious than others. Some will correct themselves without much treatment. Others may require specific treatments for the rest of their lives, such as corrective lenses. Here are some of the most common baby eye problems and a few of the available treatment options.
Amblyopia
This condition refers to decreased vision in an otherwise normal eye that results from lack of use. Normally, it only occurs in one eye. There are many causes of amblyopia and just about anything that will prevent a clear image will interfere with vision development. This eye condition affects around two percent of children and your pediatrician may refer your child to an ophthalmologist for treatment, since the earlier it is started, the better the results.
Belpharitis
This is inflammation of the eyelid and can cause difficulties with vision. There is often a crusting of the eyelashes and it may be painful. There may also be a feeling like there is something in the eye. It can be treated with a warm, moist compress and an eyelid and lash scrub with baby shampoo. If there is an infection, then antibiotics may be required.
Conjunctivitis
Also known as pinkeye, this contagious infection of the eye is very common in children. Pinkeye appears a redness in the infected eye. It can cause itching, tearing, and discharge. The child may feel as though there is something in their eye, which can really cause them discomfort. Conjunctivitis is caused by a virus or a bacteria. The physician may prescribe ointment or eye drops. Good hand washing techniques will to prevent spreading the infection to other members of the family.
Corneal Abrasions
This is a scratch on the front surface of the eye. It’s very painful, but can often be caused by a baby’s sharp, little fingernails. Usually there is tearing and light sensitivity as well. Antibiotics are usually prescribed and a patch may be used to allow healing to complete.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is usually associated with the older generation. However, it can affect babies and children as well. Glaucoma is an elevated pressure inside the eye. If it gets too high or is left untreated, it can lead to vision loss and even complete blindness. Symptoms are usually pain, tearing, and extreme sensitivity to light. There can also be an enlarging of the eye, spasms of the eyelid, or a cloudy cornea. Your pediatrician will immediately refer your child to an ophthalmologist. Normally, childhood glaucoma will require surgery to save the child’s vision.
Hyperopia and Myopia
Hyperopia is farsightedness. This means that you can see things better that are far away than those that are close up. It’s very common with babies and younger children. It usually won’t require correction, unless the eyes begin to cross. Myopia is nearsightedness. This is rather rare in babies and toddlers, but can become more common in school age children. Eyeglasses are usually required for vision correction, but it won’t cure the problem.
Pseudostrabismus
It’s a big name for a condition that means falsely misaligned eyes. Some babies may appear to have crossed eyes, but in all actuality, the eyes are straight. Extra folds of skin between the inside of the eye and the nose or a very wide nasal bridge can appear as though the baby has crossed eyes. Most will grow out of this condition and your pediatrician will advise if a trip to the ophthalmologist is required.
Strabismus
This is the actual condition of misaligned eyes. The cause is from a weak muscle that controls opening the upper eyelid. This results in one eye looking straight ahead and the other one can be looking up, down, or to the left or right. Patching or glasses may correct milder forms of strabismus, but surgery may be required for more serious forms of the disorder. Most ophthalmologists will advise treatment after the baby is three to four months old to prevent a vision problem later on.
In Closing
There are several eye problems that infants and older babies can experience. You must be aware of these problems and how to recognize the symptoms. This will allow you to get treatment for these problems so your child does not experience unnecessary vision loss or other difficulties with their sight.
Some eye problems may be hereditary as well. You will want to speak with your pediatrician if you or your family members have specific problems with their eyes as babies.
